Trends in Changes of Short-Distance Running Speed in Four-Year-Old Children (2020–2025)

¹University of Montenegro, Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Niksic, Montenegro

Trends in Changes of Short-Distance Running Speed in Four-Year-Old Children (2020–2025)

Innov. Technol. Sport Phys. Act. 2025, 4(2), 25–29 DOI: 10.56886/itspa.251204

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze short-distance running times in four-year-old children across a six-year period (2020–2025), as well as to determine if a gradual generational quality decline can be identified. Total number of 981 participants was divided into subgroups related to the testing year and gender. All subjects were enrolled in Smart Gym sport school program in Podgorica, Montenegro. Short-distance running speed was assessed using two variables – time of 5m and 10m sprint. All results were subjected to basic descriptive statistical analysis, and linear regression analysis was used to determine changes in running speed over time. Results show that it is evident that in both gender groups there were clear evidence of generational running speed deterioration over six-year period. Also using testing year as categorical factor, regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant effects on sprint performance in six years. These findings emphasize the greater need for more structured and unstructured physical activity during the preschool period, especially given that this developmental stage represents a critical period for acquiring most of fundamental motor abilities.

Keywords

sprint performance, short distance running, preschool children, generational trends

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