Dusan Stupar1

1University Educons, Faculty of Sport and Psychology, TIMS, Novi Sad, Serbia

Gambling Prevention Strategies in Adolescents

Innov. Technol. Sport Phys. Act. 2025, 4(2), 17–23 DOI: 10.56886/itspa.251203

 

Abstract


One of the global social problems that is becoming increasingly noticeable is betting, or different forms of gambling. The increasing availability of online platforms, aggressive media marketing, and the advertising of such products by well-known public figures, such as actors and athletes, certainly contribute to this. All of that together created an image of the normality of such actions, which also affects the increase in the number of young people involved in gambling. Qualitative analysis and synthesis of results obtained from existing works on the topic of betting prevention strategy is actually the main goal of this review paper. For this purpose, the following relevant databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, DOAJ, and COBISS, were reviewed during October and November 2025. Keywords were used, both in Serbian and in English (betting, adolescents, prevention, strategy, sports activities, institutions). Based on the reviewed literature, it can be concluded that the most effective strategies are those based on education, the development of social skills, including sports activities, family engagement, and collaboration with relevant institutions. Special emphasis is put on the role of sport in the prevention of gambling, as a healthy model of competitiveness, development of self-confidence, and team spirit, which can act as a protective factor regarding pathological gambling, but unfortunately, also the possibility of promoting gambling. Different prevention strategies are compared, including school education programs, nationwide campaigns, and good practices from European countries.

Keywords


youth gambling addiction, sports betting, youth gambling prevalence, strategy, adolescents

View full article
(PDF – 171KB)

References


Andrie, E. K., Tzavara, C. K., Tzavela, E., Richardson, C., Greydanus, D., Tsolia, M., & Tsitsika, A. K. (2019). Gambling involvement and problem gambling correlate among European adolescents: Results from the European Network for Addictive Behavior study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology54(11), 1429-1441.

AGOS. (2022). Koliko se mladi kockaju u Srbiji – istraživanje. https://agos.rs/istrazivanja/koliko-se-mladi-kockaju-u-srbiji-istrazivanje-750

Bijedić, M., Kuralić-Ćosić, L., Kovačević, R. i Vardo, E. (2015). Navike kockanja srednjoškolaca u dvije urbane sredine u Bosni i Hercegovini. Socijalne teme, 1 (2), 44-44. Preuzeto s https://hrcak.srce.hr/177306

Calado, F., Alexandre, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(2), 397–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9627-5

Calado, F., Alexandre, J., Rosenfeld, L., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The efficacy of a gambling prevention program among high-school students. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(2), 573–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09908-2

Chambers, R. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2003). Neurodevelopment, impulsivity, and adolescent gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies19(1), 53–84. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021275130071

Donati, M. A., Vehkalahti, K., Capitanucci, D., & Primi, C. (2024). A Structural Equation Model to Explain Gambling Problem Severity in Adolescents with an Integrated Perspective. Journal of Gambling Studies40(2), 971–983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10266-3

Derevensky, J. & Gupta, R. (2011). 16. The International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors (Centre International d’étude sur le jeu et les comportements à risque chez les jeunes). In J. Derevensky, D. Shek & J. Merrick (Ed.), Youth Gambling: The Hidden Addiction (pp. 249-254). Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110255690.249

Dodig Hundric, D., Mandic, S., & Ricijas, N. (2021). Short-Term Effectiveness of the Youth Gambling Prevention Program “Who Really Wins?”-Results from the First National Implementation. International journal of environmental research and public health18(19), 10100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910100

Dittman, C. K., Gossner, M., Browne, M., et al. (2025). Sure they gamble – but at least they’re not being bullied! A survey of parental perspectives of adolescent gambling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-025-01444-y

Duggan, B., & Mohan, G. (2023). A Longitudinal Examination of Young People’s Gambling Behaviours and Participation in Team Sports. Journal of Gambling Studies, 39(2), 541–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-022-10175-x

Estevez, A., Herrero-Fernández, D., Sarabia, I., & Jauregui, P. (2015). The impulsivity and sensation-seeking mediators of the psychological consequences of pathological gambling in adolescence. Journal of Gambling Studies31(1), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9419-0

Estévez, A., Jáuregui, P., Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Mena-Moreno, T., Lozano-Madrid, M., Macia, L., Granero, R., Mestre-Bach, G., Steward, T., Fernández-Aranda, F., Gómez-Peña, M., Moragas, L., Del Pino-Gutierrez, A., Codina, E., Testa, G., Vintró-Alcaraz, C., Agüera, Z., Munguía, L., Baenas, I., Valenciano-Mendoza, E., … Jiménez-Murcia, S. (2021). The Severity of Gambling and Gambling Related Cognitions as Predictors of Emotional Regulation and Coping Strategies in Adolescents. Journal of Gambling Studies37(2), 483–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09953-2

Estévez, A., Jauregui, P., Macía, L., & Martín-Pérez, C. (2022). Alexithymia and emotion regulation strategies in adolescent gamblers with and without at-risk profiles. Journal of Gambling Studies38(1), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10057-8

European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). (2025). ESPAD 2024 Key Findings. European Union Drugs Agency. https://doi.org/10.2810/5746644

Fisher, M. L., Piper, T., Fitzpatrick, M., Mavi, S., Retzer, A., Bradbury-Jones, C., Montgomery, P., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Kirby, J., Chandan, J. S., & Bedford, K. (2025). Legal and regulatory responses to online gambling harms: A scoping review of evidence. Harm Reduction Journal, 22, Article 163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01292-y

Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., Hing, N., Wood, R., Lubman, D. I., & Blaszczynski, A. (2014). The prevalence and determinants of problem gambling in Australia: Assessing the impact of interactive gambling and new technologies.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(3), 769–779. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036207

Grattan Institute. (2018). A better bet: How Australia should prevent gambling harm. Grattan Institute. https://grattan.edu.au/report/a-better-bet-how-australia-should-prevent-gambling-harm/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Giménez Lozano, J. M., & Morales Rodríguez, F. M. (2022). Systematic Review: Preventive Intervention to Curb the Youth Online Gambling Problem. Sustainability14(11), 6402. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116402

Gooda. (2024). Kako zakon reguliše online kockanje u Srbiji i regionu. https://gooda.rs/kako-zakon-regulise-online-kockanje-u-srbiji-i-regionu/

Huang, Y., Luan, S., Wu, B., Li, Y., Wu, J., Chen, W., & Hertwig, R. (2024). Impulsivity is a stable, measurable, and predictive psychological trait. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America121(24), e2321758121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2321758121

Institut za javno zdravlje Crne Gore. (2020). Evropsko istraživanje o upotrebi psihoaktivnih supstanci i nehemijskih sredstava zavisnosti među mladima: ESPAD 2019 Crna Gora. Podgorica: Institut za javno zdravlje Crne Gore. Preuzeto sa https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/web.repository/ijzcg-media/files/1593458554-espad-2019-nacionalni-izvjestaj-web.pdf

Kisa, C., Yildirim, S. G., & Göka, E. (2005). Ataklik ve Ruhsal Bozukluklar [Impulsivity and mental disorders]. Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry16(1), 46–54.

Keen, B., Blaszczynski, A., & Anjoul, F. (2017). Systematic Review of Empirically Evaluated School-Based Gambling Education Programs. Journal of gambling studies33(1), 301–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-016-9641-7

Livazović, G., & Bojčić, K. (2019). Problem gambling in adolescents: what are the psychological, social and financial consequences?. BMC psychiatry19(1), 308. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2293-2

Liu, W., Lee, G. P., Goldweber, A., Petras, H., Storr, C. L., Ialongo, N. S., & Martins, S. S. (2013). Impulsivity trajectories and gambling in adolescence among urban male youth. Addiction (Abingdon, England)108(4), 780–788. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12049

McGrane, E., Pryce, R., Field, M., Gu, S., Moore, E. C., & Goyder, E. (2025). What is the impact of sports-related gambling advertising on gambling behaviour? A systematic review. Addiction (Abingdon, England)120(4), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16761

Monreal-Bartolomé, A., Barceló-Soler, A., García-Campayo, J., Bartolomé-Moreno, C., Cortés-Montávez, P., Acon, E., Huertes, M., Lacasa, V., Crespo, S., Lloret-Irles, D., Sordo, L., Clotas Bote, C., Puigcorbé, S., & López-Del-Hoyo, Y. (2023). Preventive Gambling Programs for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health20(6), 4691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064691

Nastally, B. L., & Dixon, M. R. (2010). Adolescent gambling: current trends in treatment and future directions. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health22(1), 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395828

National Research Council. (1999). Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/6329

Nigro, G., Cosenza, M., & Ciccarelli, M. (2017). The Blurred Future of Adolescent Gamblers: Impulsivity, Time Horizon, and Emotional Distress. Frontiers in psychology8, 486. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00486

Oh, B. C., Ong, Y. J., & Loo, J. M. Y. (2017). A review of educational-based gambling prevention programs for adolescents. Asian Journal of Gambling Issues and Public Health, 7(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40405-017-0024-5

Parrado-González, A., Fernández-Calderón, F., Newall, P. W. S., & León-Jariego, J. C. (2023). Peer and Parental Social Norms as Determinants of Gambling Initiation: A Prospective Study. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine73(2), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.033

Roquer, M., Clotas, C., & Bartroli, M. (2025). Online Gambling and At-Risk Gambling Behaviour in a Cross-Sectional Survey Among 13-19 Year-Old Adolescents in Barcelona. Journal of Gambling Studies41(1), 167–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-024-10341-3

Rossow, I., & Bang Hansen, M. (2016). Gambling and gambling policy in Norway — an exceptional case. Addiction, 111(4), 593–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13172

Ricijaš, N., Dodig Hundrić, D., Huić, A., & Kranželić, V. (2016). Youth Gambling in Croatia – Frequency of Gambling and the Occurrence of Problem Gambling. Kriminologija & socijalna integracija, 24(2), 48–72. https://doi.org/10.31299/ksi.24.2.3

Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., Kaakinen, M., & Oksanen, A. (2019). Peer group identification as a determinant of youth behavior and the role of perceived social support in problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 35(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-018-9813-8

Secades-Villa, R., Martínez-Loredo, V., Grande-Gosende, A., & Fernández-Hermida, J. R. (2016). The relationship between impulsivity and problem gambling in adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology7, 1931. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01931

Smith, A. R., Chein, J., & Steinberg, L. (2014). Peers increase adolescent risk-taking even when the probabilities of negative outcomes are known. Developmental Psychology, 50(5), 1564–1568. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035696

Smith, J., Wright, S., Dighton, G., Dymond, S., & Torrance, J. (2025). The influence of family on gambling behaviours: A rapid review of emergent literature. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-025-01505-2

Sheng, X., Liang, K., Li, K., Chi, X., & Fan, H. (2024). Association between sports participation and resilience in school-attending students: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1365310. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1365310

Tankosić, B., & Čvorović, A. (2024). Faktori rizika adolescentnog klađenja. Pedagoška stvarnost70(2), 213-230. https://doi.org/10.19090/ps.2024.2.213-230

Talebi, F., & Bazrafshan, F. (2025). Effectiveness of preventive gambling interventions in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addictive behaviors170, 108436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108436

The International Association of Gaming Advisors. (n.d.). Australia: Playing whack-a-mole with online gambling shutdowns. The IAGA. https://www.theiaga.org/australia–playing-whack-a-mole-with-online-gambling-shutdowns?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Tomašić, L., & Kovačić Petrović, Z. (2021). Poremećaj kockanja – prevencija među adolescentima. Socijalna Psihijatrija, 49(3), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.24869/spsih.2021.179

Tran, L. T., Wardle, H., Colledge‑Frisby, S., Taylor, S., Lynch, M., Rehm, J., … Degenhardt, L. (2024). The prevalence of gambling and problematic gambling: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 9(8), e594–e613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00126-9

Walther, B., Hanewinkel, R., & Morgenstern, M. (2013). Short-term effects of a school-based program on gambling prevention in adolescents. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine52(5), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.11.009

Wikipedia. (2025, November 29). Gambling in Australia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambling_in_Australia?utm_source=chatgpt.com